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Earthquake off Samoa Generates Tsunami

on sept 29,  2009, a large undersea earthquake near Samoa generated a destructive tsunami that killed more than 100 people, said news reports. According to measurements from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the magnitude 8.0 quake hit at 6:48 a.m. about 200 kilometers (125 miles) south of Apia, the capital of Samoa. The tsunami struck the islands of Savi’i, Upola, and Tutuila minutes later with waves that were 3.1 meters (10 feet) high near Pago Pago (American Samoa) and 1.4 meters (4.6 feet) in Apia, said the USGS. Smaller tsunamis hit other Pacific islands farther away from the quake’s epicenter. This image shows the location of the earthquake in relation to the islands. The earthquake epicenter, shown by a large black circle, was located on the Pacific tectonic plate near its boundary with the Australian plate (southwest corner of map). Dozens of magnitude 4 and 5 aftershocks, shown by open circles, followed the initial earthquake, continuing until at least September 30th. The knee-shaped area of deep water is the Tonga Trench, a deep canyon on the edge of the Pacific plate. The trench and associated faults are forming as the Pacific Plate moves westward, sinking beneath a complex series of smaller plates on the edge of the Australian plate, the shallower area in the lower left corner of the image. The region around the Tonga Trench is one of the most active earthquake regions in the world, said the USGS.

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The flooding of the Nile Delta Gallery (12 pictures):

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A farmer pumps waste water on to his land as the Nile barely reaches it. The region is home to two-thirds of the country's growing population and provides 60% of its food supply 

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Rashida resident Said Mohamed Shairwi fishes from a sea wall built recently to prevent coastal erosion. In some places Egypt's coasts are being eroded at a rate of 100 metres a year

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A woman carries a large pile of wheat for threshing during an intensive harvest. Many women in the area take on seasonal day work for $3 an hour during busy harvest periods

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Abdul Fattah ploughs his field in Kafr el-Sheikh, one of the worst-affected areas, before planting rice

 

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A young boy who works on the fishing boats on Lake Burullus

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A huge automated irrigation machine moves slowly through a potato plantation grown on reclaimed desert land outside Alexandria

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Labourers harvest rice from a paddy in Kafr el-Sheikh

 

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Mohammed, 13, walks home with his farming tools after working on his family's fields in the village of El-Haddadi

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Apartment buildings alongside the Damietta branch of the Nile, where the resort Ras el-Bar lies. Once a popular holiday destination, the holiday homes are now deserted 

 

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Polluted water from agricultural drainage and sewage is pumped into a canal leading out into the Mediterranean near Rashida

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A girl watches over water buffalo grazing in her family's field

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Salt-encrusted soil on a potato plantation near El-Haddadi village provides evidence of the problems of sea encroachment

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Dust storms around the world (20 pictures)

 

The Bradfield freeway, Sydney, on 23 September, 2009. Huge dust storms like the one which blanketed Sydney and turned the air red across much of eastern Australia this week are spreading epidemics and now reaching every country in the world, but could be absorbing climate change emissions, say scientists studying the little understood global phenomenon

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A runner passes a on Bondi Beach. Residents along Australia's east coast awoke to an orange, glowing sky as winds swept millions of tonnes of red dust from the country's drought-ravaged interior and dumped it on Sydney

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A huge dust cloud rolls over the Australian town of Griffith, 400km (248 miles) south-west of Sydney in 2002. Australia is in the grip of a 10-year-old drought that has been widely attributed to climate change and is turning large parts of the interior of Australia into a giant dust bowl

 

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Red dust trapped in a spider's web, Sydney, Australia

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Dust storms are not a new phenomenon - this image, from 1955, shows a huge dust storm raging over a desolate Texas farm. Most dust storms are linked to long droughts, exacerbated by human activities like overgrazing and deforestation 

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A dust cloud envelops the Saudi Arabian capital, Riyadh, in March 2009. This week meteorologists predicted that many more major dust storms would occur if climate change leads, as expected, to deeper droughts

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A satellite image from May this year shows a thick band of dust snaking across the Red Sea

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Dust blows across the Mediterranean from North Africa and across Sicily to western Greece. Dust blown from the Sahara desert reaches north of the Alps approximately once a month, according to the World Meteorological Organisation

 

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An enormous dust cyclone swirls over north-eastern China (the northern Korean peninsula is bottom centre). The cyclonic cloud is actually pushing a wall of dust, which covers the land beneath, and even over some of the clouds. Witnesses report that it was as dark as night, and dust was pushed as far as the Great Lakes of North America

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A Chinese farmer walks amid a heavy sand storm in Minqin county, in China's Gansu province. Northern China, parts of the US, the Sahel in Africa, the Middle East and Australia are all prone to severe dust storms which routinely travel thousands of miles and on occasion have been found to travel twice round the world in the upper atmosphere. Chinese scientists have linked the increasingly severe storms of the last decade to massive deforestation and over-exploited water resources in southern and eastern China

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Carving in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, is covered with a layer of dust, blown from a sandstorm which hit the China-Mongolia border in April 2009. Residents found their homes, streets and cars covered in brown dust. Residents were advised to stay indoors or wear masks when going out 

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Kerzaz, Algeria. The sandstorm season in the Sahara runs from March to April. The range of Saharan dust storms, which mostly start in Chad, can carry fine dust across the Atlantic to the Caribbean and the US. They have increased dramatically since the 1950s, causing massive topsoil loss and reducing food supplies in Niger, Chad, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso 

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An orange tree covered in sand and dust in Baghdad, Iraq, in July. Sand storms, the strongest and densest in years, have plagued the country this summer. The country, which is in the middle of a three-year drought, experienced 18 days of dust storms 

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Yemen, 2003. A boy riding a donkey is almost swallowed by a sandstorm in Wadi Mur

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Mali, 2001. A tree weathers a sandstorm. The Sahara desert is a key source of dust storms, particularly in the area covering Mauritania, Mali, and Algeria

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Mali, 2001. Women caught in a sand storm. Dust storms cause soil loss - in particular the loss of the nutrient-rich lightest particles - reducing agricultural productivity

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An young Afghan refugee hides behind a tent from a dust storm in Kabul on in October, 2008

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The Mittens, Monument Valley, during a sandstorm along the Utah-Arizona border

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Continuing an intermittent pattern from the previous month, more dust plumes blew off Argentina's coast in February, forming slight arcs that move in a counter-clockwise direction over the Atlantic Ocean. This part of Argentina is also known as Patagonia, with arid landscapes sculpted by relentless winds. The dry conditions were exacerbated in early 2009 by the worst drought in a generation. The source of the plumes appears to be an agricultural region north of Golfo San Matias

 

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May, 1992. View from the space shuttle Endeavour of a huge dust storm in the Sahara desert, which covered hundred of miles in Libya and Algeria.

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Red river floods in Minnesota Gallery (14 pictures):

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25 March: Brian Witthoeft works on a retaining wall to keep out the rising waters from reaching his home in Moorhead, Minnesota

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25 March 2009: Volunteers struggle in the snow to unload a boat full of sandbags at a home in Fargo, North Dakota 

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26 March: John Iverson wades through icy water after leaving his home in Oxbow, North Dakota. Water from the Red and Wild Rice Rivers had started to overtake the small community, about 15 miles south of Fargo 

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27 March: Steam rises off clay in what used to be Centennial Fields, as heavy equipment excavates material to build earthen dykes along the Red river, in Fargo

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28 March: Pete Babler inspects a levee for leaks in the Harwood Grove neighbourhood in Fargo

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28 March: A house near the Oak Port neighbourhood on the northside of Moorhead is protected by sandbags from flooding 

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28 March: Members of the Horace fire department, the North Dakota national guard and volunteers help to sandbag a retention pond to keep flood water from the water treatment facility near Horace, North Dakota

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28 March: National guard personnel walk in icy floodwaters as they try to evacuate residents in Fargo

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28 March: Verne Parks of the Minnesota national guard wades through the water to bring supplies to people in Oakport, Minnesota

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28 March: Moorhead is inundated by floodwaters as the river continues to rise

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28 March: Only a stop sign is still visible on a flooded road in Fargo

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28 March: Just inside a sandbag levee, Jonathan Robbins checks on a pump which is removing flood water seepage in Fargo

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28 March: Jared Bakko hauls a boat down a flooded road after taking supplies to his grandmother, just south of Moorhead

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28 March: Homes are surrounded by floating ice and floodwater in Fargo. The normal banks of the river are defined by the twisting tree line

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